Unable to install mysqlclient package on EC2 instance (Amazon Linux 2023)

Problem

當我在建立 EC2 instance 時，輸入以下 bootstrap script 至 user data

#!/bin/bash yum update -y yum install mysql -y

但是當啟動 EC2 後，使用 EC2 Instance Connect 進入後，輸入 mysql --version 卻出現以下錯誤訊息

mysql: command not found

經查啟動 log，發現 mysql client 安裝失敗

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-44-29 ~]$ cat /var/log/cloud-init-output.log
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:03 ago on Mon Jan  1 04:21:12 2024.
No match for argument: mysql
Error: Unable to find a match: mysql
2024-01-01 04:21:15,423 - cc_scripts_user.py[WARNING]: Failed to run module scripts-user (scripts in /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts)
2024-01-01 04:21:15,424 - util.py[WARNING]: Running module scripts-user (<module 'cloudinit.config.cc_scripts_user' from '/usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/cloudinit/config/cc_scripts_user.py'>) failed
Cloud-init v. 22.2.2 finished at Mon, 01 Jan 2024 04:21:15 +0000. Datasource DataSourceEc2.  Up 32.23 seconds

Solution

經查因 Amazon Linux 2023 的內建套件與過往的 AMI 不同，需執行以下指令

# install pip (AL 2023 does not have one by default)
sudo dnf install -y pip

# install dependencies
sudo dnf install -y mariadb105-devel gcc python3-devel

# install mysqlclient
pip install mysqlclient

執行結果

   ,     #_
   ~\_  ####_        Amazon Linux 2023
  ~~  \_#####\
  ~~     \###|
  ~~       \#/ ___   https://aws.amazon.com/linux/amazon-linux-2023
   ~~       V~' '->
    ~~~         /
      ~~._.   _/
         _/ _/
       _/m/'
Last login: Mon Jan  1 04:24:46 2024 from 18.206.107.28
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-44-29 ~]$ mysql --version
mysql  Ver 8.0.35 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)